Chattupāhana

Theravāda Vinaya

Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law

Bhikkhunivibhaṅga

The Nuns’ Analysis

Pācittiyakaṇḍa

The chapter on offenses entailing confession

Chattupāhanavagga

The subchapter on sunshades and sandals

84. Chattupāhanasikkhāpada

Using sunshades and sandals

Origin story

First substory

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo chattupāhanaṁ dhārenti.

the nuns from the group of six used sunshades and sandals.

Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—

People complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo chattupāhanaṁ dhāressanti, seyyathāpi gihiniyo kāmabhoginiyo”ti.

“How can nuns use sunshades and sandals? They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!”

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhuniyo tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.

The nuns heard the complaints of those people.

Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—

The nuns of few desires complained and criticized them,

“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo chattupāhanaṁ dhāressantī”ti …pe…

“How can the nuns from the group of six use sunshades and sandals?” …

“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo chattupāhanaṁ dhārentī”ti?

“Is it true, monks, that those nuns do this?”

“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.

“It’s true, sir.”

Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…

The Buddha rebuked them …

kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhuniyo chattupāhanaṁ dhāressanti.

“How can the nuns from the group of six do this?

Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…

This will affect people’s confidence …” …

evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—

“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:

First preliminary ruling

“Yā pana bhikkhunī chattupāhanaṁ dhāreyya, pācittiyan”ti.

‘If a nun uses a sunshade and sandals, she commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhunīnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the nuns.

Second substory

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā bhikkhunī gilānā hoti.

Soon afterwards there was a sick nun

Tassā vinā chattupāhanaṁ na phāsu hoti …pe…

who was not comfortable without a sunshade and sandals. …

bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…

They told the Buddha. The Buddha then had the Sangha gathered and addressed the monks:

anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānāya bhikkhuniyā chattupāhanaṁ.

“Monks, I allow a sick nun to use a sunshade and sandals.

Evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—

And so, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:

Final ruling

“Yā pana bhikkhunī agilānā chattupāhanaṁ dhāreyya, pācittiyan”ti.

‘If a nun who is not sick uses a sunshade and sandals, she commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Definitions

Yā panāti

A:

yā yādisā …pe…

whoever …

bhikkhunīti

Nun:

…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.

… The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.

Agilānā nāma

Who is not sick:

yassā vinā chattupāhanaṁ phāsu hoti.

who is comfortable without a sunshade and sandals.

Gilānā nāma

Who is sick:

yassā vinā chattupāhanaṁ na phāsu hoti.

who is not comfortable without a sunshade and sandals.

Chattaṁ nāma

A sunshade:

tīṇi chattāni— setacchattaṁ, kilañjacchattaṁ, paṇṇacchattaṁ maṇḍalabaddhaṁ salākabaddhaṁ.

there are three kinds of sunshades: the white sunshade, the reed sunshade, the leaf sunshade. They are bound at the rim and bound at the ribs.

Dhāreyyāti

Uses:

sakimpi dhāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa.

if she uses them even once, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Permutations

Agilānā agilānasaññā chattupāhanaṁ dhāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa.

If she is not sick, and she does not perceive herself as sick, and she uses a sunshade and sandals, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Agilānā vematikā chattupāhanaṁ dhāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa.

If she is not sick, but she is unsure of it, and she uses a sunshade and sandals, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Agilānā gilānasaññā chattupāhanaṁ dhāreti, āpatti pācittiyassa.

If she is not sick, but she perceives herself as sick, and she uses a sunshade and sandals, she commits an offense entailing confession.

Chattaṁ dhāreti na upāhanaṁ, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If she uses a sunshade, but not sandals, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Upāhanaṁ dhāreti na chattaṁ, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If she uses sandals, but not a sunshade, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Gilānā agilānasaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If she is sick, but she does not perceive herself as sick, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Gilānā vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

If she is sick, but she is unsure of it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.

Gilānā gilānasaññā, anāpatti.

If she is sick, and she perceives herself as sick, there is no offense.

Non-offenses

Anāpatti—

There is no offense:

gilānāya,

if she is sick;

ārāme ārāmūpacāre dhāreti,

if she uses them in a monastery or in the vicinity of a monastery;

āpadāsu,

if there is an emergency;

ummattikāya,

if she is insane;

ādikammikāyāti.

if she is the first offender.

Paṭhamasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The first training rule is finished.